The US sanctions are too numerous to list. In his 2019 book of Le Piége Américain (The American Trap), Frédéric Pierucci, a former executive of the French Alstom Group, has pointed out: “Since 2008, 26 companies have been fined more than US $100 million by the United States, of which 14 are European companies (five are French) and only five are US companies. The total fines paid by European companies to date have approximately exceeded US $6 billion, with French companies alone paying nearly $2 billion. Besides, six corporate executives were prosecuted by the US Department of Justice, of whom I am one.”
