The Sangha Kommune (僧伽公社) Defined

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Ch’an Master Caotang siad:

There is nothing special to leadership – essentially it is a matter of controlling the evils of biased information and autocracy. Do not just go by whatever is said to you first – then the obsequities of petty people seeking favour will not be able to confuse you.

After all, the feelings of a group of people are not one, and objective reason is hard to see. You should investigate something to see its benefit or harm, examine whether it is appropriate and suitable or not; then after that you may carry it out.

True Record of Sushan (Song Dynasty)

The Chinese Buddhist monastic community is referred to as a ‘Sangha’ (Sanskrit for ‘spiritual community’), whereby men and women form a voluntary association premised upon following a strict set of rules known as the ‘Vinaya Discipline’. Within this community, there is ‘equality’ between all members, with the leaders being those who have followed these rules for the longest times. This is because such people are thought to have more experience at adhering to the Vinaya Discipline (which includes celibacy and vegetarianism), and are therefore able to effectively advise all others through the difficult times they my face in their practice. As those with little experience have less to share, they are not considered leaders whilst more experienced practitioners live in the vicinity. Of course, this is a relative matter depending upon the size of population of a community, and the length of time it has existed, and the quality of the masters (male or female) that have led it. Those who cannot keep the Vinaya Discipline (of over 200 rules) generally choose to leave on their own accord, with those who confess breaking the major rules being asked to leave and expelled from the monastic community (due to the bad example they set). However, the term ‘Sangha’ is often more loosely applied to the devout or dedicated lay community, the members of which follow at least 5, 8 or 10 vows as a life routine, and who regularly visit the local temple and volunteer their time in worthwhile social or charitable activities. In this manner, the monastic Sangha teach and guide the lay Sangha, and the lay Sangha applies the Buddha’s teachings of compassion, loving kindness and wise action to the outside the temple, and thereby expand the Buddha-Dharma beyond the temple. As the Buddha originally taught that there is no ‘difference’ in enlightened essence between the monastic and lay community, the monastics do not consider themselves ‘superior’ and the lay community does not consider itself ‘inferior’ to one another. The principle of ‘Sangha, therefore, denotes a sacred space defined and maintained through the principles of psychological and physical self-discipline and learning, premised upon a general attitude of mutual respect. The Sangha, in both essence and function, is a model for a ‘commune’ operating through the vigorous principles of  equality’, ‘discipline’ and ‘wisdom’. These are the principles embodied within this blog – regardless of the scope of its subject matter.

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The term ‘Kommune’ is taken from the German word for ‘Commune’, and is directly related to the principles of Scientific Socialism, as formulated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Indeed, within German language editions of the works of Marx and Engels, the term ‘Kommune’ is often encountered. This type of ‘Kommune’ is also a voluntary association, albeit distinctly ‘modern’ in origination, and designed to serve the Revolutionary needs of the Proletariat – or the mass of peasants forced to work in the industrialised factories produced by the oppressive capitalist system. Working 12 to 16 hours a day, strictly by the clock, whilst being dictated to by brutal managers and the movement and operation of monotonous machines, these peasants were transformed into self-disciplined and highly exploited automatons of industry, waiting for the right historical epoch to free themselves from their endless toil for little reward. Just as the collective mind is ‘dulled’ by endless hours of repetitive toil, it is ‘freed’, ‘activated’ and ‘expanded’ when encountering the strictures of Scientific Socialism, and a non-resisting ‘false consciousness’ is replace by a resisting ‘true consciousness’. Generally, when the mind is freed from the straitjacket of oppression, the body soon follows, even though it is equally true that if the body is freed by a Revolution caused by others, then the mind soon follows! In these post-modem times, proletariat ‘true consciousness’ is much more amorphous in manifestation, particularly as factory work becomes ever less prevalent in the West. Although the modes of capitalist exploitation change with the epoch, the nature of capitalist exploitation (and class distinction) remains exactly the same. Striving for the establishment of a ‘Kommunistic’ society remains the duty of all right-minded working class people across the globe, with the Marxist principle of ‘Internationalism’ replacing nationalism and racism, etc. The point is that the ‘true consciousness’ of the working class is premised entirely upon non-hatred for one another, as this hatred has been imported into the working class by the very capitalists that exploit them! By rejecting capitalism, the working class is rejecting the greed, hatred and delusion that underlies all capitalist thought and action. This working class mission is no less ‘sacred’ than its Buddhist counter-part, and shares exactly the same essence. The author of this blog strives to agitate for the peaceful achievement of both inner and outer Revolution amongst by any means necessary (to quote Malcolm X).

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Having defined two interpretations of ‘Kommune’, it is important to also emphasis the pivotal notion of ‘education’ and the training of the human mind to discern a relevant ‘truth’ in any given situation or circumstance. Learning in a classroom, through a book, encounter groups, political meetings, protest marches, meditation sessions, or the internet, are all crucial aspects of ‘refining’ the memory and ‘honing’ the intellect. The thought processes (and emotionality) must be ‘calmed’ for the sake of ‘wise’ action and non-action when young, so that avoidable errors and mistakes are reduced to the minimum, and progressive activity increased to the maximum (to selflessly benefit humanity).  This is not always easy, and the ability to recognise non-efficient thought-patterns and behaviours should also be cultivated as a means toward achieving self-forgiveness, and the forgiveness of others. The important point is that the mind should be kept in a positive frame of operation, so that the body can be used for various types of ‘enlightened’ political, cultural and social action. The physical body must be clearly (and cleanly) directed by the mind (the seat of volition), and kept physically fit through appropriate activities. This psycho-physical training sets the stage for the refined individual to understand the frequency and quality of inner and outer energy, and immediately understand the best action (if any) to take, or instantly ‘know’ when others are ‘lying’, or presenting ‘untruth’ as ‘truth’. This ability can be further used to generate ‘correct’ work that counters the lies of a society motivated entirely by greed, racism and an indifference to the suffering of humanity and other life forms. Therefore, this ‘Sangha Kommune’ blog is a work in progress that covers a bewildering array of topics, opinions, and research data. By taking a step back away from its content – the general reader will begin to understand the underlying (and motivating) paradigm. This is essentially a ‘Kommunist’ zone where all beings are automatically ‘freed’ at the point of contact. The need for money is already ‘transcended’, and the energy frequency of the Sangha Kommune should be used by all to achieve a state of permanent ‘freedom’ in all circumstances. This is a space of permanent Cyber Kommunism, and ongoing Revolutionary activity in the form of ‘exposing’ and ‘dissolving’ the bourgeois system and its redundant mode of capitalist organisation.

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Ch’an Wuzu said:

The Ch’an community is a place for the moulding of Sages and ordinary people, and for nurturing and developing potential ability. It is a source of teaching,. Even though many people are living together, gathering in kind, they are guided and made equal. Each has a transmission from the teacher.

Now in many places they do not strive to maintain the standards of the Sages of the past. Biased feelings of like and dislike are many, with people bending others to what they personally think is right. How should later students take an example?

Records of Equanimity (Song Dynasty)

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 28/03/2017  •  Permalink
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美国黑人歌唱家保罗.罗伯逊 (Paul Robeson 1898－1976)

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Paul Robeson – Socialist Revolutionary

保罗.罗伯逊 （Paul Robeson，1898－1976），美国著名男低音歌唱家、演员、社会活动家。  1898 年4 月9 日，保罗? 罗伯逊出生于美国新泽西州普林斯顿的一个黑人牧师家庭。早年在穆维尔高级学校求学期间，就曾参加过莎士比亚戏剧的演出。1923年毕业于哥伦比亚大学法律系，此后一直从事戏剧演出和电影拍摄等活动。1925年在纽约哈伦剧院举行第一次黑人灵歌独唱会，大获成功。1927年，他在美国著名音乐剧《游览船》中演唱了《老人河》一曲，

由此一举成名。他通晓多种语言，能用英、法、俄、汉等二十余种语言歌唱，其音色浑厚、深沉，具有黑人歌唱家所特有的魅力。据说他在室内演唱时，其雄浑的低音能把窗户的玻璃震得隆隆作响，可见他的功力。他曾担任美国黑人进步组织“非洲事务会议”的主席,关注黑人的平等权利，并为改善劳工的生产和生活条件而呼吁。他还写有文字著作《我站在这儿》、《黑人民族的歌曲》等。

他到过许多国家，却一直无缘踏上中国的土地。然而，他却是中国人民最忠实的朋友。 中国的抗日战争爆发后，他曾用汉语演唱《义勇军进行曲》 ，以示同情和支持。1941年，宋庆龄邀请保罗?罗伯逊、埃德加?斯诺、印度的尼赫鲁等，担任她所创建的“保卫中国同盟”的荣誉会员。罗伯逊积极参加了“保盟”在美国的募捐义演。

保罗?罗伯逊是国际和平运动的伟大战士。他反对所有非正义战争。1950年，保罗?罗伯逊以他的《和平之歌》荣获国际和平奖金。又因他在保卫世界和平上的卓越贡献，荣获1952年度斯大林国际和平奖金。1976 年1 月23 日，保罗?罗伯逊因脑溢血逝世于费城，享年78 岁。

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 25/05/2017  •  Permalink
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How the US Created Islamo-Fascist Terrorism!

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Tony Blair – and his New Labour government – took the UK into two of its most disastrous (and illegal) wars the country has ever known. Destroying the sovereign governments of Afghanistan and Iraq has had terrible consequences not only for the people of those devastated countries, but for the global community. By removing governments that pursued ‘secularism’ over ‘religionism’ has opened the door for US-backed, trained and financed terror groups to fill the vacuum, and turn their weaponry upon the West (which is perceived as being collectively a natural ally of the US). How did this situation arise? The Criminal Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the US was tasked with devising any means – legal, illegal or whatever – to bring down the USSR particularly (and the Communist Bloc countries in general). Following the Soviet Red Army entering Afghanistan (in support of a beleaguered Socialist government), the CIA stepped-up its latest project of training and arming young Muslim men, who formed a ‘new’ type of army to combat any and all Communist movements in the region. This idea started innocuously enough – with American operatives simply ‘bribing’ local tribal leaders to mobilise their men against the Socialist government of Afghanistan. When the Red Army interceded in the region, the CIA switched the emphasis of their campaign, and began to directly recruit young men into entirely American-run and administered training camps. In these camps, these young men, many of whom were illiterate and had never left their villages before, were taught to ‘think’ in a manner entirely alien to conventional Islam, and combine Western notions of racism, nationalism, and anti-Communism, with that of select (and misinterpreted) extracts from the Qur’an dealing with the Islamic concept of ‘jihad’, or ‘righteous war’. Whereas a jihad is a war of self-defence (with regard to non-political community security), the CIA intelligence officers changed its onus into one of a non-community based ‘self-offence’, involving the projection of a highly vicious and violent policy of ideologically driven attacks on all other communities. The enemies of this ‘new’ group were any conventional or traditional communities or associations that did not agree with, or adhere to the this ‘Islamo-fascist’ ideology. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, this Islamo-fascist movement did not quietly dismantle itself and go away, but rather became an independent regional network of terrorist cells, that turned its attention toward the modern ‘capitalist’ West (and its presence in the Middle East), defining its previous employers – the USA – as public enemy number one. The terrorism employed against Westerners (and others) today throughout the Middle East (and elsewhere), was previously perfected against the soldiers of the Red Army. The ‘Mujahideen’ (as this group was called in Afghanistan), was eulogised through US anti-Communist propaganda during the 1980’s, with its head-chopping, disembowelling, torturing, and general acts of terrorism perpetuated upon Soviet troops (and any and all civilian supporters of the USSR), being defined by the CIA as ‘sublime’ acts of religiously inspired fervour and spiritual devotion. A poignant (and now ’embarrassing’) reminder of this US attitude of support toward Islamo-fascist terrorism can be seen in the hideous Hollywood film entitled ‘Rambo III- which sees Sylvester Stallone mysteriously state that before these men carry-out their acts of terror, they consider themselves ‘already dead’ (hence the wearing of ‘white’ clothing before an operation, with the colour ‘white’ symbolising ‘death’ and the ‘burial shroud’).

Today, what was once a very well armed and trained US-backed Islamo-fascist terrorist group, now extends its influence directly into the Western world – where it continues to murder hundreds and thousands of people (as is the case in Africa and elsewhere). Regardless of what name the CIA is currently giving this movement, the fact remains that it did not arise out of any indigenous Islamic movement or community, and has no legitimate ties with conventional Islam – it was, and remains entirely a US invention from start to finish – one that has now gotten out of the control of its creators. However, rumour abounds on the internet, that certain aspects of this Islamo-fascist movement is still being used by the US in places such as Syria, Libya and the Yemen, as a means to attack regimes that do not adhere to the strictures of US imperialism, and which often oppose Zionist Israel’s oppression of the Palestinians. In the above video clip, Hilary Clinton confirms how and why the US created Al Qaeda.

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 24/05/2017  •  Permalink
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China’s View of Evolution (Email Exchange 19.5.2017)

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Subject: Re: Peking Man

Date: Tuesday, May 23, 2017 19:15

Dear W

Thank you for very interesting email.

This is from Chinese Sources – and adds to the debate:

Red Deer Cave People 马鹿洞人 (蒙自人): Unknown Humans Discovered in China

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/01/31/red-deer-cave-people-马鹿洞人-蒙自人-unknown-humans-discovered-in-china/

You probably remember Alice Roberts in China – where she stated that the Chinese Authorities taught (in schools) that Chinese people evolved from Homo Erectus in China – and do not share the ‘Out of Africa’ lineage shared by the West? I cannot find any evidence for this thinking today, on the Chinese language internet, with every theory pointing toward the ‘Out of Africa’ thinking. I also remember Chinese researchers attempting to prove a ‘non-African’ origination for Chinese people. I think around 5000 DNA samples were taken from men across China – and every single one possessed the ‘Out of Africa’ DNA marker. However, it is my understanding that ALL hominids developed in Africa and migrated-out at various times. Modern humans stem from a migration around 50,000 years ago (of perhaps just 200 individuals), and spread across the world (encountering different types of hominids that had migrated out of Africa at earlier dates) – but the Chinese thinking might contend that Chinese people evolved from an earlier migration ‘Out of Africa’ – from a completely different evolutionary line of descent (from the rest of modern humans).

Until proven otherwise, I think there is evidence for this. However, we must be eternally vigilant for Eurocentricism and political bias in Western sources, designed to continuously work to undermine Mainland Chinese science simply because it is not ‘European’ or emanating from a capitalist regime. One distinguishing feature of a Socialist society is that its education system ‘rejects’ any and all notions of ‘nationalism’ – because it is this ‘nationalism’ which imbues ‘racism’ – and that was used by the West in the past to keep China in a subjugated state. It is the West that uses nationalist racism against China (and not the other way around – as suggested by the otherwise interesting article). My view is that we do not yet know everything about our ‘human’ past, and that we must not assume too much (either way), but quietly gather evidence and attempt tentative interpretations. If it turned-out that ALL human life somehow developed in China (or just the ‘Chinese’ lineage of it), I would be very happy, but even if it is eventually proven that we all just just wandered ‘out’ of Africa, this pleases me also, as both models serve to ‘break-up’ Eurocentric notions of racial superiority. It is ironic that it could possibly be true that two ethnicities of human beings (i.e. the Chinese and the Africans), both historically oppressed and persecuted by Europeans, would turn-out to be far older in origination, and to have built advanced cultures very early on!

Best Wishes

Adrian

From W – On Fri, May 19, 2017, at 18:47:

Dear Adrian,

You might find the attached link to be of interest.  We’ve talked about Peking Man before, and some Chinese scientists think that modern Chinese people evolved directly and exclusively from Peking Man.  The attached article was only published last year, so it’s the most recent update on the theory.

 

Kind regards,

 

W

 

 

http://www.nature.com/news/how-china-is-rewriting-the-book-on-human-origins-1.20231

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 23/05/2017  •  Permalink
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The Age of Political Upsets

An interesting insight into the British General Election (2017) from the Croydon Branch of the Communist Party of Britain (CPB).

Croydon Communists

I joined Labour activists outside Croydon College today in a last ditch attempt to get students at the college to register to vote before the deadline at midnight tonight. While 1.5 million young people have registered to vote in the forthcoming general election since it was called, this still leaves, according to the Electoral Commission, 7 million people unregistered, a large proportion of whom will be young, first-time voters. But why was this last ditch and modest effort left to a few, idealistic political activists?

The truth is that the government is quite happy to see young people disenfranchised. Most of them face a working life in insecure employment, loaded with debt for college fees and unable to afford to rent, let alone buy a flat. They are not going to vote Tory. Even Tories understand that Turkeys don’t vote for Christmas!

It’s worth taking a moment out from electioneering…

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 22/05/2017  •  Permalink
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 22/05/2017

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Soviet Red Army Crushes Waffen SS – the Battle for Budapest (26.12.1944-13.2.1945)

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Soviet Red Army liberates Budapest 

Soviet Press Statement (21.12.1944):

‘At the beginning of December, under the chairmanship of Dr Vasary, the mayor of Debrecen, a group was formed of representatives of the different Hungarian parties… In liberated territory the election of delegates to the Provisional National Assembly took place between December 13 and 20. 230 delegates were elected, representing the democratic parties, the town and village councils and the trade and peasant unions… The Assembly opened with the playing of the Hungarian National Anthem. The meeting was held in the Reformation College where, in 1849, Kossuth proclaimed the independence of Hungary…

An Address to the Hungarian People was adopted which said:

It is time to make peace. Salasi is an usurper,,, We call upon the Hungarian people to rally to the banners of Kossuth and Rakoszi and to follow in the footsteps of the Honweds (volunteer militia) of 1848. We want a democratic Hungary. We guarantee the inviolability of private property as the basis of our social and economic order. We want Land Reform… Turn your arms against the German oppressors and help the Red Army… for the good of a Free and Democratic Hungary!’

(Russia at War 1941-1945: By Alexander Werth [1964] Pages 909-910)

Hitler’s Nazi German regime was assisted in its widespread (highly destructive and genocidal) invasion of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union by Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, all of which had acquired politically rightwing governments. Nazi Germany was also assisted with supplies of oil and other raw materials by Sweden, Denmark and Portugal, as well as Vichy France and fascist Italy. The so-caked ‘Axis’ powers (of which there were many), coalesced around the 1936 ‘Anti-Comintern Pact’, an agreement between various rightwing countries to jointly resist the spread of ‘International Communism’. Therefore, it can be said that Hitler’s attack on the USSR was a direct manifestation of the pursuance of this pact, an act of aggression which was assisted by a number of Axis powers. Over-all, contemporary estimates suggest that around 34 million Soviet men, women and children died during the Nazi German invasion of the USSR, and the application of the Hitlerite ‘final solution’. Hitler had declared the the Slavic people to be racially inferior, and their embracing of Communist ideology to be a confirmation of this fact. To remedy this problem, Hitler demanded nothing less than the eradication of the Slavic people and their Communist ideology.

As the tide of war changed, and the Soviet Red Army started to push the Nazi German invaders out of the USSR, it became necessary to pursue the retreating Germans all the way to Berlin to ensure the complete defeat of the Nazi regime. Whilst pursuing this anti-fascist policy, the countries that had collaborated with Nazi Germany had to be invaded and ‘liberated’ from their fascist governments and Nazi German occupiers. As can be gleamed from the Soviet Press statement (above), the Soviet Authorities implemented ‘democratic’ elections, so that the ordinary citizens of countries such as Hungary, could choose a non-fascist political path. By and large, the ordinary citizens of such countries, (i.e. the ‘workers’), were treated as ‘victims’ of fascism, rather than its perpetuators.

On October 21st, 1944, the Soviet Red Army (under Malinovksy) entered and took Debrecen in eastern Hungary. Although the Red Army advance into Hungary was rapid at first, it was soon slowed by stiff (fascist) Hungarian and Nazi German resistance. This resistance increased as the Red Army fought inch by inch toward Budapest in November. In early December (1944), Hitler met with the fascist Hungarian leader Salasi in Berlin, where it was agreed that Budapest must be held at all costs (although behind the scenes, many of its industries were already being re-located to Austria). As part of this deal, Hitler allocated around 23,000 well-equipped and highly motivated troops of the Waffen SS to defend Budapest (and possibly turn the tide of the battle). These units were essentially heavily armed and highly politically motivated annihilation squads (being considered racially ‘pure’ by Hitler), whose motto was ‘Give Death and Take Death’. These men were not ordinary soldiers, and their training was designed to embody a certain ‘mindless’ brutality that existed outside of the traditions of the conventional German military. Surrender was out of the question as was taking prisoners or providing medical care to wounded enemy soldiers. In fact, the Waffen SS often tortured the enemy wounded to death, considering it a sport to invent ever more painful methods. These troops were under the direct command of Adolf Hitler himself (being considered his personal bodyguard), and were trained to believe that they personally represented the ideological foundation of the fascist ideology of National Socialism. As racially pure Aryans, these men received the best clothing, training, food, housing and weaponry, and were treated with the utmost respect (and fear) within German society. As an embodiment of ‘Nazism’, Hitler believed that these racially superior beings, entirely through an act of will, could defeat the military might of the Red Army, and in so doing trigger a collapse of its Communist ideology (bringing down the USSR from within).

The 50 day Battle for Budapest was to test this hypothesis. Around 23,000 racially pure Waffen SS troops were to spear-head the defence of Budapest and inflict a debilitating defeat upon the Red Army. By comparison, Red Army soldiers, whose motto was ‘Free the Workers!’ was comprised of ordinary men and women from the length and breadth of the vast Soviet Union. As such, they were ethnically diverse, and represented no particular race. They pursued Socialist Revolution every time they fought – freeing the oppressed workers from the tyranny of capitalism and fascism. The average Red Army soldier was selfless, supportive of his fellow Comrades, and willing to self-sacrifice to save others. These soldiers were not racially superior, did not pursue any form of fascist ideology, and were motivated by a broad non-racial ‘Internationalism’, rather than by a narrow fascistic ‘Nationalism’, and yet in the space of around 7 weeks, these quite ‘ordinary’ Communist soldiers encircled and then systematically ‘destroyed’ the 23,000 fanatical Waffen SS soldiers – killing 19,000 in the fighting! The fascist forces of Budapest surrendered on the 13th of February, 1945, and Hungary was finally liberated.

The following documentary explains who the Waffen SS were – and how they were deployed during WWII. Comprised of around 900,000 at their peak, toward the end of the war (as casualties mounted), Hitler allowed non-Germans to join, such as French, Swedes and Danes. In fact, as the Nazi regime collapsed under Soviet pressure, around 90% of the Waffen SS units defending Hitler in Berlin near the end, were comprised of foreigners who fanatically fought to the bitter end. Allowing non-Germans into the Waffen SS was thought by certain Nazi Germans as ‘weakening’ the spiritual strength of these units, and therefore lowering their fighting efficiency. However, Hitler gambled with some of his best (racially pure) Waffen SS regiments in Budapest – and despite their assumed ‘spiritual strength’, they were systematically destroyed by Slavic peasant soldiers from the Urals.

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 21/05/2017  •  Permalink
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First Russian Aviator – Mikhail Nikiforovich Efimov (1881-1919) Bolshevik Revolutionary

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Mikhail Efimov was known to be a good athlete in his youth, a profound thinker and inventor, and supporter of the Bolshevik Revolutionary Movement led by Lenin. Although the Wright brothers of the USA are believed by many to have made the first manned flight in a heavier than air machine – there is still argument and dispute about this fact. Even the European Press was doubtful of this claim at the time. However, whatever the actual facts, even in Russia today, the Wright brothers are generally credited with achieving the first ‘crude’ flight, as it where, but it is Mikhail Efimov who is believed to be the first true ‘pioneer’ of manned flight.

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Despite being a successful athlete, Mikhail Efimov’s dream was always to fly in the sky. In 1909 he successfully took to the skies in a glider, but later that year, at the expense of banker Ivan Ksidias, he went to study piloting in France, where his instructor was pioneer of aviation – Henri Farman.  On December 25th, 1909 Mikhail Efimov made his first independent 45-minute flight in an aeroplane over France. This was a substantial breakthrough in aviation, as prior to this, pilots had stayed in the air for only several minutes at a time. On March 21st, 1910 in Odessa, Mikhail Efimov – in the presence of 100,000 people on the field of the Odessa Racetrack – took to the skies yet again. On this day he climbed five times, (performing three laps) at an altitude of 50 meters, including two flights with passengers – bankers Ivan Xidias and the Chairman of the Odessa Flying Club -A rthur Anatot. These flights were carried out on the aeroplane ‘Farman-IV’. also on this day, Efimov set a world record for the duration of a flight with passengers. The previous record had belonged to one of the founders of aviation – Orvil Wright. This flight marked the beginning of the development of piloting aircraft in Russia. After landing, Efimov was awarded a laurel wreath with the inscription ‘The First Russian Aviator’.

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With the outbreak of WWI, Mikhail Efimov filed a report asking for him to be sent to the Western Front. Eventually he volunteered for the 32nd Airborne Detachment on the Western Front. As an experienced pilot, he flew reconnaissance and bombing missions over enemy positions, whilst gathering valuable reconnaissance information. For his military service he was awarded a full set of St. George Crosses, and the Order of Anna III medal with swords. As a progressive thinker, he supported the February Revolutionary Movement in Russia, and as a Bolshevik, he supported the October Revolution of 1917. However, as soon as the Revolution was declared, fourteen Western powers (including the USA, the UK and Germany) sent a combined ‘White’ force into Russia to combat the new ‘Red’ threat. In 1919, Mikhail Efimov was captured by these ‘White’ forces (known as the ‘White Guard’) and executed without trial (for supporting the Socialist cause).

Russian Language References:

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ефимов,_Михаил_Никифорович

http://tehvov.ru/hist/1408-jelektrik-vysokogo-poleta-pjat-faktov-o-pervom.html

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 21/05/2017  •  Permalink
Posted in Human Interest, Leftwing Political Analysis
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 21/05/2017

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/05/21/first-russian-aviator-mikhail-mikhail-nikiforovich-efimov-1881-1919-bolshevik-revolutionary/

Westerner’s that Eat Dog Meat

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Brenda & Robert Vale – New Zealand Campaigners for Dog Meat Eating

Animal Welfare charities in the West always support the strategies and political motivations of their respective (bourgeois) governments, and rarely if ever, criticise any policy, convention or reality of Animal Welfare that would invite an open criticism of that government (primarily due to the fact that it is these very governments that grant the ‘tax-exemption’ status these charities enjoy). Therefore, as ‘Communist’ China is viewed with suspicion and distrust by Western governments, inevitably Western Animal Welfare charities target this country for complaint, painting the Chinese people (and their culture) as being ‘evil’ and ‘inhuman’, with regards to animal care, animal welfare, and the breeding of dogs (and cats) for human consumption. This approach, of course, only works if the routine cruelty aimed at animals in the West is ignored, and the subject of China is treated with a ‘racist’ indifference with regard to the facts. The very same Western Animal Welfare charities that initiate one emotionally driven (and irrational) media campaign after another aimed at the demonisation of Chinese people and their culture, remain absolutely ‘silent’ about the 24 hour slaughter-factories that operate all over Europe and the Americas, and actively work to ‘hid’ the fact that they advocate and participate in the mass extermination of hundreds of thousands of cats and dogs annually, as a means to control these populations. These animals, usually abandoned and unwanted pets, can starve to death, be hit by cars, be abused by uncaring humans, or when taken into the ‘temporary’ care centres provided by the charities, are eventually ‘euthanasised’ by the same charities after a certain time, using various methods of dispatch, such as lethal injection, electrocution and gassing, etc. It is another curious fact that the various Animal Welfare charities ‘never’ criticise one another’s policies in this regard, as dog protection is a popular cause in the West that attracts millions of pounds annually from a general public that relies on the very same Animal Welfare charities they fund, to provide them with information about the various causes they pursue.

Due to the one-sided nature of the anti-China propaganda issued by the Western Animal Welfare charities (and their celebrity supporters), many Westerners will be surprised to learn that:

  1. Eating dog meat has been – and remains – a worldwide phenomenon that has manifest in virtually all human cultures throughout history.
  2. China has its own Animal Welfare and Animal Rights institutions that work with the government to reform and educate the people.
  3. Many Chinese people are vegetarian for religious or health reasons (generally premised upon the Daoist and Buddhist proscriptions against eating meat – as such a consumption is viewed as being not only immoral, but also unhealthy.
  4. China has Animal Protection Laws that are far more extensive in scope and effectiveness than those existing in Western countries. (As Western Animal Welfare charities avoid calling for legislation that would disrupt or diminish the ‘capitalist’ exploitation of animals for the industrialised meat industry).
  5. Chinese Law distinguishes between cats and dogs that are ‘pets’ (which cannot be used in the meat industry), and cats and dogs that are breed for the meat industry (which can be eaten).
  6. Eating cats and dogs is not wide-spread in China, and is viewed very much as a minority habit left-over from the poverty stricken days of feudalism. The government of China has stated a number of times that the current affluence that China is experiencing, means that eating cat and dog meat is nolonger required.
  7. The Chinese police have on occasion, sided with Chinese Animal Rights activists that have ‘blocked’ lorries carry cats and dogs that have been ‘legally’ bred to be eaten – allowing rescued animals to be taken into the care of the Animal Rights protesters.
  8. Western Animal Welfare charities and groups are viewed in China as being politically and religiously motivated, pursuing a policy of encouraging ‘civil disobedience’ – an approach that no sane Chinese person supports.
  9. Whereas Christianity states that animals ‘have no souls’ and can be treated as an ‘inferior’ life-form (to be brutally treated, killed and then eaten), Chinese Buddhism and Daoism – both of which advocate the notion of ‘rebirth’ – reject this view, and instead ascribe a certain ‘dignity’ to all animals.
  10. A number of countries in the West possess populations that eat dog meat.

In 2009, New Zealanders Brenda and David Vale published their book entitled ‘Time to Eat Dog?’, arguing that dogs are easy to breed, easy to feed and look after, and highly nutritious to eat. The pair argue that as the world changes, and it becomes ever more obvious that the current rate of consumption of other animals cannot be sustained, it might be advisable for humanity to seek-out a new source of food – and their chosen sustainable source is dog meat. The claims of nutrition and protein content as explained in this book, were subsequently scrutinised and subjected to testing by the scientific community and found to be ‘correct’, but this book, as interesting as it is, should not distract from the fact that whilst bourgeois Animal Welfare charities pursue a racially motivated attack upon China, many Westerners partake in the habit of eating dog meat – often slaughtering the dogs in public before consumption – with this activity ignored by the very same charities that complain about China. In the US, Native American Indians have their right to eat dog meat legally protected, but it is a habit also followed by some ‘White’ Americans as well, The same is true with South American populations, where eating dog meat is well-known and not perceived as a problem. Eating dog meat is wide-spread throughout Mexico, as it is in Northern Canada. In Alaska, where the weather is cold, dog meat is eaten all the time, particularly if a sledge dog dies, etc. Perhaps the most surprising area where the eating of dog meat is found is in Switzerland, where its consumption is open and common. Why is it that the Western Animal Welfare charities especially target China where eating dog meat is definitely on the decline and only practised by a minority of people, but ignore exactly the same behaviour happening in the West? It might be further added that South Korea, Taiwan and Japan (all historical colonies of the US), pursue a rabid habit of consuming dog meat – but face virtually no criticism from Western Animal Welfare charities (although through an act of self-regulation, Taiwan has recently passed legislation discouraging the eating of cats and dogs).

Chinese Language Reference:

http://news.sina.com.cn/z/dog/

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 20/05/2017  •  Permalink
Posted in Human Interest, Leftwing Political Analysis
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 20/05/2017

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/05/20/westerners-that-eat-dog-meat/

China: Yulin Dog Meat Festival Not ‘Officially’ Sanctioned by Government (10.6.2014)

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Original Chinese Language Text By: http://news.sina.com.cn

(Translated by Adrian Chan-Wyles PhD)

See Also: China: Anti-Eating Dogs & Cats Law – 5000 Yuan Fine & 15 Days Imprisonment

Translator’s Note: Here, the Local Government responsible for managing the Yulin City area, issues an official communique rejecting any and all allegations that it is responsible for the ‘Yulin Dog Festival’, or that it facilitates such an activity through any of its departments or social services. The Yulin Local Government, of course, part of the regional representation of the Communist Party of China (CPC), would have only issued such a statement of ‘legal’ denial, if it had been sanctioned by the Central Government in Beijing. Therefore, this local statement may be responsibly taken to reflect the viewpoint of the CPC National Government. Chinese language texts state that dog meat is eaten in ‘North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam and some European countries’, and that the opposition to it in China stems from the influence of foreign religions – or other politically motivated Eurocentric organisations, that attack China’s political system indirectly through various aspects of established Chinese culture. Dog meat is generally considered ‘yang’ or of ‘hot energy’, which is considered ‘bad’ for consumption at any other time of the year – as it is believed to create ‘anger’ in the blood of the eater. However, it is also believed that on the evening of the Summer Solstice (at 6pm), the heat is so strong in the area that it cancels-out the ‘heat’ in the dog meat – thus revealing its healing properties to humans. This is more a superstition than Chinese science, and is an idea that today has been seized upon by one or two profit-minded individuals. The bigger picture in China is that many Chinese people pursue an Animal Rights agenda that is internally effective, and has no direct contact with its Western counter-parts, primarily due to the inherent racist attitudes in certain strands of it. Lastly, Buddhism in China demands that its followers are completely vegetarian, and this means many Chinese people routinely eat no meat at all. ACW 19.5.2017

News from Southern China: The Municipal Government of the Yulin City area of Guangxi province, recently issued a statement through the Yulin News Network, stating that the so-called ‘Summer Solstice Lychee Dog Meat Festival’ is not ‘officially’ sanctioned or ‘recognised’ by any of its departments, and is not a (legally) sanctioned national holiday. Therefore, this activity is a spontaneous ‘folk’ activity perpetuated by certain local people in the area, that was once just a local tradition, but which has now become distorted and motivated only by monetary ‘profit’. In fact, neither the Yulin City Government, nor any of its civil organisations, encourages or facilitates this behaviour, and certainly does not ‘officially’ support any form of ‘Summer Solstice Lychee Dog Meat Festival’.

Historically, this is a local tradition which states that if dog meat and lychee fruit are eaten together at the same time on the Summer Solstice, the meal can cure and prevent disease. These ideas developed out of poverty in the old days, where once a year local people would eat dog meat during the time lychee fruit ripened. For many, this was the only time any meat was available (with dog meat being considered medically bad for consumption at any other time of the year) – but today – due to the greed of a few misled people, this activity has grown into a money-making business.

©opyright: Adrian Chan-Wyles (ShiDaDao) 2017.

Original Chinese Language Text:

http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-06-10/055030327083.shtml

广西玉林否认官办狗肉节 称只是民间的说法

南都讯 广西玉林市政府日前在玉林新闻网发布声明，称所谓“夏至荔枝狗肉节”只是个别商家和民间的一种说法，其实并不存在这个节日。玉林市政府或任何社会组织都没有举办过任何形式的所谓“夏至荔枝狗肉节”活动。

所谓的“夏至荔枝狗肉节”，是在广西玉林当地，民间有“吃了夏至狗，西风绕道走”的说法，意思是在夏至食用狗肉，能抵抗疾病入侵。夏至期间正值鲜荔枝上市，当地还有“荔枝就狗，越吃越有”的说法，逐渐就被叫成了“夏至荔枝狗肉节”。

(原标题：广西玉林否认官办“狗肉节”)

（编辑：SN086）
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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017  •  Permalink
Posted in Human Interest, Leftwing Political Analysis
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/05/19/china-yulin-dog-meat-festival-not-officially-by-government-10-6-2014/

Other Dimensions (In There)

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The human mind possesses three distinct aspects of operation. Not only can it sense the present, that is the existential circumstances physically surrounding it, but it also possesses the ability to ‘remember’ the past, and ‘speculate’ or ‘plan’ for the future.  This can be expressed as:

  1. Memory of past events (through the use of imagination).
  2. Awareness of present events (through direct sensory perception and cognitive interpretation).
  3. Speculate about future events (through the use of imagination).

Using this model of assessment of mind activity, the function of ‘imagination’ appears to be used at least two-thirds more than direct perception. This is because awareness of the present does not occur in a cognitive vacuum, but is dependent upon past experience (and conditioning), and on certain cultural and social ideas about what is expected as a desired trajectory of future events. The perception of the present for most people, therefore, is entirely dependent upon past experience, with the caveat that present experience also serves as a possible basis for perpetuating past experience, or indeed changing it in the future (through ‘new’ experiences). The activity that the average person experiences in their mind. i.e. light and dark, images of various kinds, feelings, sensations and emotions, as well as will-power and direction of thought, etc, are all termed ‘qualia’ and relate to the totality of the personal experience of consciousness. An interesting point to consider, is that of just ‘why’ the human mind developed the abilities to think in three-dimensions, and what its possible use. For instance, what possible evolutionary challenges in the past, served as the foundation for not only ‘matter’ becoming imbued with ‘life’, but also for that living matter to a) become ‘aware’ of its own presence, and b) extrapolate from that awareness, what the past must have been like, and what the future might be like.

Of course, the activities and experiences associated with debate, law and politics, etc, demonstrate that the agency of human ‘memory’ is not always ‘correct’, and even if past details can be recalled collectively, not everyone doing the recalling, necessarily ‘agrees’ upon the ‘meaning’, ‘intention’, or ‘direction’ of those events being remembered (as interpretation is a matter of opinion). This is where human cultures have devised various methods of arriving to somekind of an agreeable ‘consensus’, so that everyday culture and society can proceed in an expected direction, but what of other realities? Do other realities exist? Mathematics and advanced science suggests that there might well be other realities ‘out there’, but the capacity for the human mind to ‘imagine’ and ‘think’ guarantees that all kinds of different realities can exist within the human experience of consciousness. An interesting question is to the validity of these inwardly generated states of being. Are these inner states as real, for instance, as the table and chair in-front of you now?

Such a question is valid because its answer helps define ‘truth’ within a certain context. A person who believes in a religion, or some other type of explanatory mythology, will also assume a priori that what they think they know, is the ultimate (and most precious) understanding of the universe, that is made more so by a lack of corroborating evidence on the physical plane, and the ‘disbelief’ exhibited by those who exist outside of that particular thought community. The fact that there is no evidence, and that others do not experience reality in the same manner, suggests that whatever these altered states of consciousness might be, they cannot be considered the ‘only’ manner in which reality can be perceived or interpreted. Does this understanding ‘invalidate’ these altered states? Not necessarily, as the evolutionary reality of these states must suggest some beneficial purpose for humanity – beyond the usual bounds of conventional belief systems. Yes, it may be true that a particularly ‘fundamental’ religious view was relevant perhaps 500 or 1000 years ago, or that theistic religions in general operate through an ‘inverted’ mind-set (mistaking thoughts in the head for physical objects in the external world), but in reality, the modern human mind is able to operate on a number of different planes at once, sometimes exhibiting ‘inverted’ and ‘non-inverted’ tendencies in quick succession (a number of modern scientists, for example, profess a religious faith, etc). The point is that the human brain’s capacity to think in three-dimensions should not be limited to, or defined by, the logical absurdities associated with conventional religious worship, or peculiar states generated inwardly. It may be the case that subjective human consciousness could well develop the ability to directly perceive objective material reality – without the intermediary of mathematics – but such a state would be rarefied and lie outside of conventional science and religion.

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017  •  Permalink
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/05/19/other-dimensions-in-there/

Other Dimensions (Out There)

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The main stumbling block with analysing the idea of witnessing another reality, is ensuring that what is experienced, is not a product of the malfunction of the human brain, and its ability to perceive, cognise or interpret. An individual could be suffering from any number of internally generated psychological and physiological conditions, that interfere with the usual process of sensing the material environment. Such divergence away from normal function in the brain (and body), obviously leads to an internally generated view of the physical world, that does not actually exist ‘out there’. If a group of people appear to share a ‘visionary’ experience, it cannot be rejected out of hand, that all concerned are suffering from a perceptual ailment, or that the group is engaging in a ‘cult-like’ activity involving peer pressure, mutual conditioning, and interpretive reinforcement (i.e. a group hallucination). From a scientific perspective, these issues cannot be ignored whilst attempting to establish the theoretical principle of the existence of different planes of reality. Of course, belief systems effect how the world is perceived simply because that is one of their primary functions, but ‘belief’ does not necessarily equate to correct perception or interpretation of reality. Although theoretical physics postulates that other dimensions may exist (i.e. ‘String Theory’ and ‘Quantum Theory’, etc), these realities are mathematical probabilities, and not the product of sensory observation in the usual or mundane sense. In other words, the only manner in which these realities have been understood to exist, is through the use of numbers as cognised by the human brain. This is very different to the structure of religious or spiritual visions of other realities, which always appear to be like this (mundane) reality – but ‘ideal’ in nature. This can be ‘ideally’ good or bad, depending upon belief ad circumstance, but there is no scientific reason why other dimensions should be in anyway ‘familiar’ to human beings and their cognitive sensory array (which has evolved within a particular environment), or even ‘perceptible’ to the human mind in the ordinary sense.

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by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017  •  Permalink
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Posted by Adrian Chan-Wyles (PhD) on 19/05/2017

https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/05/19/other-dimensions-out-there/

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