dust – SANGHA KOMMUNE (SSR)

USSR: The 1971 Mars 2 & Mars 3 Missions – Carried the 1st Soviet-Made “Mars Rovers” [PrOP-M]! (18.8.2026)

18/08/2026 Adrian (釋大道)

The USSR and Eastern Europe had been devastated by Hitler during WWII with the Soviets suffering 41 million (killed and wounded) casualties whilst large swathes of the Western USSR was materially devastated. Leningrad, of course, was reduced to starvation by the Nazi blockade (rather like what Trump II is attempting to do to Cuba). Despite suffering that material and psychological devastation – within a few short years of reconstruction directed by Joseph Stalin – the country was able to regroup and direct its resources toward space exploration, a process which sent shockwaves throughout the world of the US, a place which had suffered no material or economic damage during WWII. Make no mistake about, although Stalin passed away in 1953 – everything that unfolded in the USSR from a technological position – manifested from the groundwork laid by Stalin between 1945-1953. This dialectical preparation sustained the country for decades despites its leaders betraying Stalin and taking the country in a Counter-Revolutionary direction. Indeed, the Mars 2 and Mars 3 Soviet fact-finding missions to Mars in 1971 both carried a version of the world’s first “rover” designed to explore the area immediately surrounding the lander (or “Mars Station”). This “Device Assessing [through] Cross-Country Capability-Mars” [Прибор оценки проходимости-Марс – Pribor otsenki prokhodimosti-Mars] or “ПрОП-М” [PrOP-M] was attached to the lander via a 15 metre tethering cable (similar to the first-generation remote controls attached to TV sets and video recorders).

Global lunar crater distribution map. (Photo provided by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences)

China: PRC Develops Independent “Lunar Surface Map” for Future Missions! (7.8.2026)

07/08/2026 Adrian (釋大道)

A Chinese research team has completed an updated geologic map of the entire moon featuring a scale of 1:5 million, the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (IGCAGS), said on Thursday.

Representing a significant scientific iteration from the 2024 version, this map effectively rewrites the moon’s geologic history based on the latest research findings. “The lunar geologic history has indeed been rewritten — more precisely, refined and systematized,” said Yang Zhiming, director of the IGCAGS.

Specifically, a primary achievement of this update is the recalibration of the moon’s ancient geologic eras. The new map systematically updates the age boundaries of the moon’s three ancient geologic periods, namely the Aitkenian, Nectarian and Imbrian periods, drawing on recent advances in international chronology.

This image created by Chinese researchers shows the moon's far side.

China: Chang’e-6 Sheds First-Light on Evolution History of Moon’s Dark-Side! (10.7.2025)

10/07/2025 Adrian (釋大道)

In 2024, Chang’e-6 made history by bringing 1,935.3 grams of lunar far-side samples back to Earth. These samples were collected from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin, the largest, deepest and oldest basin on the moon, which provided a rare opportunity to clarify the compositional differences between the near and far sides and to unravel the long-standing mystery of their asymmetry.

“The SPA Basin is one of the moon’s three major tectonic units, measuring approximately 2,500 kilometers in diameter. The energy from the impact that formed this crater is estimated to be 1 trillion times greater than that of an atomic bomb explosion. Yet, the exact influence of such a massive collision on the moon’s evolution has remained an unsolved mystery,” Wu Fuyuan, an academician of CAS and a leading researcher with the IGG, said at a CAS press conference on Wednesday.

The four papers published in Nature systematically reveal, for the first time, the effects of this colossal impact, which is the core highlight of these findings, said Wu.

China: Lunar Sample Reveals Far-Side Drier Than Near Side! (11.4.2025)

11/04/2025 Adrian (釋大道)

For nearly 20 years, there has been a debate over whether the water content in the Moon’s mantle, the middle layer between its surface and core, is abundant or scarce, while all published estimates were derived from near-side samples.

China’s Chang’e-6 lunar probe retrieved the first-ever lunar far-side samples from the Apollo crater within the South Pole–Aitken Basin, providing the first opportunity to determine the water content of the lunar mantle in this region.

The study revealed that a unique volcanic event dating back 2.8 billion years had not been observed in previous samples obtained from the near side.

China: Chang’e 6 Samples Shed Light on Lunar Magnetism! (23.12.2024)

23/12/2024 Adrian (釋大道)

They discovered that the Moon’s magnetic field may have experienced a rebound around 2.8 billion years ago, suggesting that the Moon’s generator may have been reinforced after an early sharp decline.

“The reason for this rebound could be a change in the primary energy source of the generator or a restrengthening of the initial driving mechanism,” Cai said.

“The data fill in a billion-year gap in the evolution of the lunar paleomagnetic record and provide the first paleomagnetic measurements from the lunar far side,” a reviewer for the journal Nature said. “The authors are to be congratulated on a historic study that provides a major advance in our understanding of lunar magnetism.”

The evolution history of the Moon’s magnetic field is markedly different from that of the Earth’s, the research team said.

PRC: Lunar Samples Indicate Previous Magma Activity! (19.11.2024)

19/11/2024 Adrian (釋大道)

am lunar soils.

The study published on Science, conducted by a team led by Xu Yigang, an academician of the CAS and a researcher at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry of the CAS, also confirmed magma activity on the lunar far side 2.8 billion years ago.

The study also indicates that the eruption of lunar mare basalt is influenced by the internal composition of the moon, explaining why the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the lunar far side lacks abundant volcanic activity.

“These samples are the first to be collected on the lunar far side so it provided a unique view to the moon’s global geological history. The results are novel and are deserving of publication in Science. They will be of interest to a broad readership,” Science reviewer Katherine Joy said.

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