Jurassic bird Yuezhuornis

China: Jurassic [Flightless] Bird Fossil Challenges Traditional Avian Evolutionary View! (16.10.2026)

The transition from land-dwelling dinosaurs to flying birds is one of the most remarkable events in the history of life, involving changes in the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems, skin-derived structures and behaviour, said Wang, the study’s corresponding author and a co-first author.

Macro-evolutionary models suggest that birds originated and began diversifying during the Jurassic Period. However, the scarcity of bird fossils from this critical period has left scientists with limited direct evidence of how the characteristic bird body plan emerged.

Human Brain Folds PRC 2026

China: Scientists reveal mechanism behind evolution of brain folds regulated by ancient gene! (11.10.2026)

However, a research team led by Shi Lei, a researcher from the Kunming Institute of Zoology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed an alternative possibility: certain ancient and highly conserved genes could also play a key role in human brain evolution by reshaping their expression levels through changes in regulatory elements.

The team compared transcriptomic data from different layers of the embryonic cerebral cortex of mice, tree shrews, marmosets, macaques and humans. They found that an ancient gene called “CCNB1IP1” was already expressed in the brain of the tree shrew, a close relative of primates, long before primates emerged but at relatively low expression levels.

The team further discovered that during the following course of evolution, the expression level of this ancient gene showed a clear stepwise increase among tree shrews, marmosets, macaques and humans, reaching its highest level in the human brain.