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The Wolf Amendment, passed by the U.S. Congress in 2011, prohibits NASA-funded research in direct, bilateral cooperation with the Chinese government and China-affiliated organizations unless approved by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Congress. “China published the Announcement of Opportunities for the Chang’e-6 Mission, which was available to the entire world. We also welcome countries around the world to take part in the study of lunar samples,” she said.
He mentioned that China’s upcoming Chang’e-6 mission is expected to collect samples in the Apollo Basin within the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon, which means materials ejected from ancient terrain may be collected in the process. “Our map can provide a macroscopic geologic background to improve the purpose and efficiency of the sample research,” Liu explained.
The compilation of this map was an immense task, which required the organization and cooperation of many well-informed researchers over many years to be able to achieve a consistent and complete result, commented Gregory Michael, a senior scientist from the Free University of Berlin in Germany.
“This map, in particular, is the first on a global scale to utilize all of the post-Apollo era data. It builds on the achievements of the international community over the last decades, as well as on China’s own highly successful Chang’e program. It will be a starting point for every new question of lunar geology, and become a primary resource for researchers studying lunar processes of all kinds,” Michael added.
Things were simple when I was at school in the 1970s and early 1980s – in fact they were simple until NASA’s Voyager Probes (I & II) finally made it to the outer reaches of our Solar System – and proved that “Pluto” was NOT a single (and tidy) planet existing on the fringes of outer space! Overnight, what we had been taught as a child collapsed in upon itself and the number of “true” planets dropped to “8” – with Pluto being relegated to a mere “Dwarf” planet – whatever that meant. I do remember various Astronomers stating that when looked at through a telescope – Pluto seemed to “shimmer” – as if there might be another planet hiding behind it (a fabled “10” planet called “Nibiru” as things stood).
From grasping usurping natural floating objects (such as people straddling a tree trunk or holding a gourd as a means of crossing a body of water) to waist-floats (perhaps several gourds tied together with ropes to increase the buoyancy of the mid-riff) to rafts (flat and wide buoyant objects tied together to increase the buoyancy – enough to bear the weight of a person whilst floating across the water). The emergence of rafts was a clear sign of a great technological leap forward for humanity which removed a traveller getting wet and actively creating proper water vehicles. Later, with the help of stone axes and fire (according to Friedrich Engels), a “boat” (as a “Canoe”) was made from a whole piece of wood. An example of this is pictured above which stems from the 7,000-year-old (c. 5000 BCE) Neolithic ruins discovered at Hemudu, Yuyao, situated in Zhejiang.
Yang is widely known for leading the design work on the Chang’e 5 robotic spacecraft that fulfilled China’s first lunar sample retrieval mission.
He was speaking on the side-lines of the second session of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, which concluded in Beijing on Sunday. He is a member of the CPPCC National Committee, the top political advisory body in China.
China began its lunar programme in 2004 and has launched six robotic probes since 2007. The most recent mission, Chang’e 5, landed on the moon in December 2020 and soon brought 1,731 grams of lunar rocks and soil back to Earth, achieving a historic accomplishment about 44 years after the last lunar substances were brought back from our nearest celestial neighbour.
After completing the designated tasks, the astronauts will return to the lunar lander and ascend to the lunar orbit, where the lander will dock with the spacecraft. The astronauts will then transfer lunar samples and other items to the spacecraft before separating it from the lunar lander. Finally, the spacecraft will return to the Earth, Zhang added.
To accomplish this mission, Chinese researchers are currently developing the Long March 10 carrier rocket, a new generation of manned spacecraft, lunar lander, lunar surface suits, manned lunar rover, etc.
SANGHA KOMMUNE (SSR) 